• Dan Hayes
    CEO and Founder of Celignis

Background

Daniel Hayes has extensive experience in the analysis of biomass and in the evaluation and development of biomass conversion technologies (particularly those for the production of advanced biofuels).

He received his PhD from the University of Limerick in 2011 and played an important role in the development of the Carbolea Biomass Research Group of the university. Daniel Hayes has been successful in securing project funding for the group from industrial, national, and European sources.

One of these projects, funded by the EU's 7th Framework Programme and entitled DIBANET, involved 13 partners from a number of European and Latin American countries. DIBANET was coordinated by UL (with Daniel Hayes writing the proposal and playing a major role in project management), and had a total budget of €3.7m.



Daniel Hayes's PhD Thesis was entitled "Analysis of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks for Biorefineries with a Focus on The Development of Near Infrared Spectroscopy as a Primary Analytical Tool". As part of this PhD, and in subsequent work in DIBANET and at Celignis, Daniel Hayes has been responsible for the development of a series of mathematical models that allow for many of the important properties of biomass (for production of second generation biofuels) to be predicted from their near infrared (NIR) spectra. This allows for analysis to be carried out much more quickly and at a lower cost than through conventional wet-chemical techniques.

The value of these models was a major motivation for the formation of Celignis Analytical. It has been estimated that, to date, over 40 person-years of work has been involved in the development of these models.

Dan, and the growing passionate team at Celignis have rapidly grown the compamy since its launch in 2014 to become the Since then Celignis has grown to be the premier global provider of analytical and process expertise to clients while also pushing the cutting edge of biomass research through involvement in pioneering multinational projects.

If you would like to contact Daniel Hayes you can email him at dan@celignis.com or you can call him at (+353) 89 455 5582. You are also welcome to add him as a LinkedIn contact.

Expertise and Track-Record

Business
Development

Dan at the team at Celignis have worked determinedly and with passion on developing the company from a university-based research project spin-out to a globally-recognised centre of excellence in biomass analysis and bioprocessing expertise. We have a diverse, rapidly-expanding, global array of clients that value our knowledge on composition and its relevance in designing and optimising biomass conversion processes. The development of businesses in the bioeconomy is highly challenging and, unfortunately, many do not make it. However, Dan knows this market in depth and can provide valuable advice for companies looking to not only survive but thrive.

Project Development
and Management

Prior to launching Celignis Dan wrote and managed a number of national and international research projects with a total budget of over €4m. Since launching in 2014 Dan and the team have secured sole-partner research and business development funding totalling €400k and are in collaborative research projects worth a total of €673k for Celignis. Dan has a strong understanding of what makes a good research proposal and what is required to get high scores in evaluation. He has also worked as an Expert Evaluator for proposals being reviewed by the European Commission. Over the years Celignis has been a partner in numerous proposals and has played an active and enthusiastic role in their formulation.

Biomass Analysis

Dan has over 15 years of experience in the analysis of biomass feedstocks. During his PhD he established a biomass analysis laboratory at the Carbolea Biomass Research Group at the University of Limerick. Initial analyses were focused on properties relevant to the utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of advanced biofuels but over time he developed expertise in the use and application of a wide range of analysis methods relevant to the combustion and anaerobic digestion sectors.

Dan has had placements in biomass analysis laboratories in Brazil (at CTC as part of the DIBANET project) and Australia (at Sugar Research Australia) where he was analysing sugarcane bagasse and other sugarcane residues.

Chemometrics

Dan's PhD was focused on the development of models for the rapid compositional analysis of lignocellulosic feedstocks. He showed, for the first time, that the cellulosic composition of Miscanthus, sugarcane bagasse, and peat could be accurately predicted from the near infrared spectra of samples in their wet, unprocessed forms. He subsequently worked on expanding the range of feeedstocks that could be accurately predicted by NIR. When he considered these models to be sufficiently robust he launched Celignis to commercialise them. Dan and Celignis continue to work on advancing the art in rapid biomass analysis, including in the development of new advanced algorithms for intelligent model development, and in the application of their models on-site at biorefinery plants (for example as part of the VAMOS BBI demo project. We have also developed a number of custom NIR models for our clients, targetted for their feedstocks and process outputs.

Qualifications

PhD: University of Limerick (2011) - "Analysis of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks for Biorefineries with a Focus on The Development of Near Infrared Spectroscopy as a Primary Analytical Tool". Click here to download.


Publications

Rashama, C., Kuttuvan, S., V., Gottumukkala, L., Katjouanga, U., Dobkowski, P., Shiwombolo, J., Hilma, N., Bewer, B., Ben, M., Hayes, D., Wakefield, D. (2025) Preliminary evaluation of biofuel production potentials for Southern Africa's encroacher and invasive bush biomass, Bioresource Technology Reports 31: 102251

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The biofuel production potentials for encroacher and invasive bush biomass species found in Southern Africa were assessed using different valorization routes. Theoretical models were employed to calculate the biofuel yields. The gasification-catalytic route produced highest ethanol yields (450–488 L/t) while the lowest values were from enzymatic/acid hydrolysis-to-fermentation route. Blue gum gave the highest ethanol yields. Biodiesel and naphtha yields produced through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were highest for blue gum (196 L/t) and lowest for Acacia raficiens (176 L/t). The highest biogas and biomethane potential of 458 L/kg.VS and 229 L/kg.VS respectively were obtained from black wattle while the respective lower values (270 L/kg.VS and 132 L/kg.VS) were recorded for blue gum. Senegalia mellifera gave the highest torrefied biofuel energy and mass yields at 0.92 and 0.97 respectively while black wattle had the lowest mass and energy yields at 0.75 and 0.83 respectively. From an energy yield basis, the acid hydrolysis-fermentation route yielded an average of 3.69 GJ/t of biomass while the highest yields came from the gasification-catalytic conversion route which was 9.7 GJ/t. The average energy yield variations across biomass species ranged 5.11–6.19 GJ/t which is around 30 % of the raw biomass' calorific value. These early results provide insights towards the best pairing of appropriate biomass species and energy conversion route. Further evaluations of these biomass-valorization technology pairing to unpack process efficiencies, cost and kinetics are required using real process experiments instead of using theoretical models. These additional tests should include sustainability assessment to guide future commercialization decisions.

Bedzo, O. K. K., Gottumukkala, L. D., Sasso, G. L., Kaminski, K., Schlage, W., Goffman, F., Ivanov, N., Hoeng, J., Hayes, D. J. (2024) Process development for efficient pectin extraction from tobacco residues and its characterisation, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 14: 29481-29501

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This study presents a method for effective pectin extraction from the laminae of three tobacco varieties as a means of biomass valorisation. Two pre-treatment methods (cold ethanol vs. accelerated solvent extraction [ASE] with ethanol) were compared for their capacities to produce a high pectin yield. Enzymatic extraction of pectin was also tested as a green extraction procedure and compared to the acid extraction approach. The optimisation experiments revealed that cold ethanol extraction followed by acid hydrolysis is the most convenient method for pectin extraction; the optimal set of conditions for hydrolysis were identified as 90°C, pH 1.5, and 4 h of extraction. Applying these optimised conditions to the three Nicotiana rustica tobacco varieties yielded pectin recoveries of 66.2%, 57.8%, and 56.7% from the NRT63, Bakoum Miena, and NRT61 samples, respectively. Tobacco pectins were found to have a medium molecular weight and low methoxy content. These results highlight the potential of tobacco residues as feedstock for to produce pectin with dietary applications.

Herrera, N., Ordóñez, D. F., Gaduan, A. N., Singkronart, K., Hayes, D., Puri, D., Lee, K.-Y. (2024) Valorisation of waste pulp from materials recovery facility rejects for composite applications, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 180: 108108

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Waste pulp was recovered from MRF rejects, purified, processed into paper sheets and laminated with polylactide (PLLA) films. The purification process employed produced waste pulp of different qualities. The mechanical properties of the resulting waste pulp fibre-reinforced laminated PLLA composites was indifferent to the type of waste pulp treatment used. All composites showed significant improvements over neat PLLA, highlighting the viability of using waste pulp as a potentially cheap and sustainable reinforcement for polymers. Lifecycle assessment further showed that the composites possessed lower net global warming potential, as well as the end-point impact categories of human health and ecosystem quality compared to neat PLLA. This is due to the higher mechanical performance of the composites, which leads to higher weight saving of the functional unit. Our work paves the way for the use of pulp rejects from the recycling process for higher value applications, diverting them from landfill or incineration.

Pisano, I., Gottumukkala, L., Hayes, D. J., Leahy, J. J. (2021) Characterisation of Italian and Dutch forestry and agricultural residues for the applicability in the bio-based sector, Industrial Crops & Products 171

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Knowing the accurate composition of biomass is of crucial importance in order to assess and decide on the use and processes to be applied to specific biomass types. In this study, the composition of the lignocellulosic constituents present in forestry, agricultural and underutilised waste residues was assessed. Considering the increased interest on hemicellulose fractions for application in biomaterials and biomolecules, large emphasis has been given in detailing the monomeric constituents of the hemicellulose polymer. Lignin and cellulose, the two other major components of lignocellulosic biomass, were analysed and correlated with the trends in the other constituents. In the samples analysed, the total structural sugars content ranged from 26.0 to 67.5% of the biomass dry weight, indicating high variation between different feedstock and fractions. Hemicellulose concentration and composition also varied significantly (from 38.8% in birch (Betula Pendula Roth) foliage to 22.0 % in rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw) between the feedstock types and within the same feedstock type between different species and different fractions. The extractives content varied greatly between the different species (from 2.66 % to 30.47 % of the biomass dry weight) with high contents in certain fractions of feedstock suggesting more detailed compositional analysis of these extracts is warranted.

Hickey, D. T., Hayes, D. J., Pembroke, J. T., Ryan, M. P., Leahy, J. J. (2021) The Importance of Extraction Protocol on the Analysis of Novel Waste Sources of Lignocellulosic Biomass, Energies 14(9): 6406

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As the utilization and consumption of lignocellulosic biomass increases, so too will the need for an adequate supply of feedstock. To meet these needs, novel waste feedstock materials will need to be utilized. Exploitation of these novel feedstocks will require information both on the effects of solvent extraction on the succeeding analysis of potential novel feedstocks and how accurate current methodologies are in determining the composition of novel lignocellulosic feedstocks, particularly the carbohydrate and lignin fractions. In this study, the effects of solvent extraction on novel feedstocks, including tree foliage, tree bark and spent mushroom compost, with 95% ethanol, water and both sequentially were examined. Chemical analyses were carried out to determine the moisture content, ash, extractives, post-hydrolysis sugars, Klason lignin (KL) and acid-soluble lignin (ASL) within the selected feedstocks. The result of extraction could be seen most strongly for Klason lignin, with a strong association between higher levels of Klason lignin levels and greater amounts of non-removed extractives (tree foliage and bark). Higher Klason lignin levels are reported to be due the condensation of non-removed extractives during hydrolysis, hence the lower Klason lignin determinations following extraction are more exact. In addition, total sugar determinations were lower following extractions. This is because of the solubility of non-cell-wall carbohydrates; thus, the determinations following extraction are more accurate representations of structural cell-wall polysaccharides such as cellulose. Such determinations will assist in determining the best way to utilize …

Hayes, D. J. M., Hayes, M. H. B., Leahy, J. J. (2017) Use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy for the Rapid Low-Cost Analysis of Waste Papers and Cardboards, Faraday Discussions 202: 465-482

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Analytical data and quantitative near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy models for various lignocellulosic components (including Klason lignin and the constituent sugars glucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, galactose, and rhamnose), ash, and ethanol-soluble extractives, were obtained for 53 samples of paper and cardboard. These samples were mostly the type of materials typically found in domestic wastes (e.g. newspapers, printing paper, glossy papers, food packaging). A number of the samples (48) were obtained by separating a sample, after milling, into two particle size fractions. It was found that the fractions containing the smaller particles typically had higher ash and Klason lignin contents and lower glucose and xylose contents that the larger particle size fractions. Nevertheless, all of the sample types had attractive total sugars contents (>50%) indicating that these could be suitable feedstocks for the production of biofuels and chemicals in hydrolysis-based biorefining technologies. NIR models of a high predictive accuracy (R2 of > 0.9 for the independent validation set) were obtained for total sugars, glucose, xylose, Klason lignin, and ash and with values for the Root Mean Square Error of Prediction (RMSEP) of 2.36%, 2.64%, 0.56%, 1.98%, and 4.87%, respectively. Good NIR models (R2 of > 0.8) were also obtained for mannose, arabinose, and galactose. These results suggest that NIR is a suitable method for the rapid, low-cost, analysis of the major lignocellulosic components of waste paper/cardboard samples.

Wnetrzak, R., Hayes, D. J. M., Jensen, L. S., Leahy, J. J., Kwapinski, W. (2015) Determination of the higher heating value of pig manure, Waste and Biomass Valorization 6(3): 327-333

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The ability of using novel method of near infrared (NIR) spectra to predict the composition and higher heating value (HHV) of dry pig manure was examined. Number of pig manure solid fractions variously pre-treated samples were collected in Denmark, from different pig slurry treatment plants (using mechanical or chemical-mechanical separation) and then analysed for their energy values. These values were determined by conventional method using bomb calorimetry and also calculated based on ultimate analysis. NIR spectra method was successfully applied and reasonable R2 values were obtained for the independent prediction set for nitrogen, ash, and the HHV. NIR also showed ability for predicting which type of treatment plants the samples came from. In addition, new empirical equations, based on ultimate analyses of pig manure solids used for prediction of the HHV was established.

Hayes, D. J. M., Hayes, M. H. B., Leahy, J. J. (2015) Analysis of the lignocellulosic components of peat samples with development of near infrared spectroscopy models for rapid quantitative predictions, Fuel 150: 261-268

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Analytical data and quantitative near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy models for various lignocellulosic components (including Klason lignin and the constituent sugars glucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose, galactose, and rhamnose), moisture, and ash were obtained for 53 peat samples. These included samples with high, medium, and low degrees of humification. Klason lignin was the main constituent and was greatest in the samples classified as being highly humified, with structural sugars the lowest in this class. The total sugars contents of all samples were considered to be insufficient to allow for their use in biorefining hydrolysis processes for the production of chemicals and biofuels. NIR models were developed for spectral datasets obtained from the samples in their unprocessed (wet), dry and unground, and dry and ground states. Typically the most accurate models were based on the spectra of dry and ground samples. However the NIR models for the wet samples still offered reasonable predictive capabilities. All models were suitable at least for sample screening, with the models for total sugars, glucose, xylose, galactose, and moisture suitable for quantitative analyses.

Hayes, D. J. M. (2013) Mass and Compositional Changes, Relevant to Biorefining, in Miscanthus x giganteus Plants over the Harvest Window, Bioresource Technology 142: 591-602

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Miscanthus plants were sampled from several plantations in Ireland over the harvest window (October-April). These were separated into their anatomical components and the loss of leaves monitored. Three distinct phases were apparent: there was minimal loss in the "Early" (October to early December) and "Late" (March and April) phases, and rapid leaf loss in the interim period. Samples were analysed for constituents relevant to biorefining. Changes in whole-plant composition included increases in glucose and Klason lignin contents and decreases in ash and arabinose contents. These changes arose mostly from the loss of leaves, but there were some changes over time within the harvestable plant components. Although leaves yield less biofuel than stems, the added biomass provided by an early harvest (31.9-38.4%) meant that per hectare biofuel yields were significantly greater (up to 29.3%) than in a late harvest. These yields greatly exceed those from first generation feedstocks.

Hayes, D. J. M. (2013) Second-generation biofuels: why they are taking so long, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment 2(3): 304-334

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There has been a significant degree of hype regarding the commercial potential of second-generation biofuels (2GBs; biofuels sourced from lignocellulosic materials). In 2007, ambitious targets for the mass substitution of fossil-fuel-derived transport fuels by 2GBs were put forward in the United States and similar targets exist for other countries. However, as of May 2012, no commercial-scale 2GB facilities are currently operating. The technical and financial obstacles that have delayed the deployment of these facilities are discussed, as are recent advancements in research that may help to overcome some of these. There are six commercial-scale facilities currently (May, 2012) in construction and many more are planned in the near term. The prospects for 2GBs are more promising now than in the past but the delays in getting to this point mean that the ambitious targets of several years ago are unlikely to be reached in the near term.

Hayes, D.J.M. (2013) Biomass composition and its relevance to biorefining, The Role of Catalysis for the Sustainable Production of Biofuels and Bio-chemicals, K. Triantafyllidis, A. Lappas, M. Stoker, Elsevier B. V.27-65

Biomass feedstocks for the production of biofuels and chemicals vary greatly in their chemical compositions. These differences affect which technologies are used for processing. First generation technologies focus on the conversion of sugars, starches, and oils whilst second generation technologies process lignocellulose. While the conversion in first generation processes is relatively facile, the processing of lignocellulose is hindered by the complexity of the biomass matrix. Lignocellulosic feedstocks, however, tend to be significantly less costly, in economic, environmental, and energy terms, to produce. The effects of the various constituents on the conversion of biomass by either hydrolytic or thermochemical means are discussed, as are the logistical considerations needed when sourcing feedstocks. Biomass can be classified as a specifically grown energy crop, an agricultural residue, or a waste resource. Several examples of lignocellulosic feedstocks are discussed for each of these types and representative chemical data for a variety of materials presented.

Hayes, D. J. M. (2013) Report on Optimal Use of DIBANET Feedstocks and Technologies, DIBANET WP5 Report84 pages

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The DIBANET process chain, as a result of its patented pre-treatment stage, has significantly increased the yields of levulinic acid, formic acid, and furfural beyond what was considered to be the state of the art. By fractionating lignocellulosic biomass into its three main polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) it has also allowed for lignin to be recovered and sold as a higher-value product. These developments have meant that the amount of acid hydrolysis residues (AHRs) that have been produced are significantly (up to 88%) less than in the Biofine process. These AHRs are required to provide process heat for DIBANET. Direct combustion is the most efficient means for doing this. If such combustion does not occur and the AHRs are instead used in other processes, e.g. pyrolysis and gasification, then more biomass will need to be purchased to fuel the core DIBANET process. The AHRs have not been proven to be superior to virgin biomass when put through these thermochemical processes. Indeed, many of the results from DIBANET Work Package 4 indicate the opposite. Hence, given that DIBANET, and the modelling of its optimal configuration, is designed on the basis of an integrated process, centred on the core element of the acid hydrolysis of biomass, then combustion is the only viable end use for the AHRs. Given that realisation, the focus of this modelling Deliverable is on what the optimal configuration of the process chain would be regarding the three core stages (pretreatment, hydrolysis, and the esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol). It has been demonstrated that a scenario incorporating only the first stage can be profitable in its own right and allow for commercial development at much lower capital costs. In this instance bagasse is a much more attractive feedstock, compared with Miscanthus, due to its higher pentose content.

Integrating the second stage increases capital costs but improves the net present value. The esterification step is somewhat capital intensive but an integrated DIBANET biorefinery that incorporates all three stages can still be highly profitable providing the furfural is sold at its current market price and the lignin is sold rather than used as a fuel for process needs. Indeed, the DIBANET process should not be considered only in the context of biofuels but as a true biorefinery that produces lower value fuels (e.g. ethyl-levulinate) in addition to high value chemicals and bio-products (e.g. furfural and lignin).

The energy and carbon balances of the various DIBANET scenarios have been investigated and are highly positive with values significantly superior to those for the energy-intensive Biofine process. A socioeconomic survey has also been carried out and has shown that there can be a positive effect on employment, both direct and indirect, particularly when Miscanthus is used as the feedstock. The DIBANET integrated process also holds up well when its environmental and social performances are ranked for a range of important parameters.

The development of the core DIBANET IP towards commercial deployment appears to be warranted, based on data provided from the models developed. Indeed, these models present possible scenarios whereby even demonstration-scale DIBANET facilities could operate at significant profits and provide healthy returns on the capital invested.

Hayes, D. J. M. (2012) Development of near infrared spectroscopy models for the quantitative prediction of the lignocellulosic components of wet Miscanthus samples, Bioresource Technology 119: 393-405

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Miscanthus samples were scanned over the visible and near infrared wavelengths at several stages of processing (wet-chopped, air-dried, dried and ground, and dried and sieved). Models were developed to predict lignocellulosic and elemental constituents based on these spectra. The dry and sieved scans gave the most accurate models; however the wet-chopped models for glucose, xylose, and Klason lignin provided excellent accuracies with root mean square error of predictions of 1.27%, 0.54%, and 0.93%, respectively. These models can be suitable for most applications. The wet models for arabinose, Klason lignin, acid soluble lignin, ash, extractives, rhamnose, acid insoluble residue, and nitrogen tended to have lower R(2) values (0.80+) for the validation sets and the wet models for galactose, mannose, and acid insoluble ash were less accurate, only having value for rough sample screening. This research shows the potential for online analysis at biorefineries for the major lignocellulosic constituents of interest.

Hayes, D. J. M. (2012) Review of Biomass Feedstocks and Guidelines of Best Practice, DIBANET WP2 Report150 pages

Full Version

Shorter Version

This document is the result of the evaluation of biomass feedstocks, from Europe and Latin America, that took place as part of the DIBANET project. That project is co-financed from the 7 th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Demonstration of the European Union. (Title: Enhancing international cooperation between the EU and Latin America in the field of biofuels; Grant Agreement No: 227248-2).

The work in Task 2.1 of Work Package 2 (WP2) at DIBANET partners UL, CTC, and UNICAMP involved evaluating, on a number of levels, potential feedstocks for utilisation in the DIBANET acid-hydrolysis process (WP3). In the early stage of the project a wide number of feedstocks were examined and relevant secondary compositional data were sought from the literature. Selected feedstocks were analysed at the laboratories of UL, CTC, and UNICAMP and, from these, a limited number of feedstocks were subjected to more in-depth analysis/evaluation.

Work at UL focused on Miscanthus, cereal straws, and waste papers. The wet-chemical and spectroscopic analysis that was carried out on a wide number of Miscanthus samples have allowed for in-depth understandings to be reached regarding the changes in lignocellulosic composition, and potential biomass/biofuel yields that could be realised over the harvest window. Straws present much less chemical variation but have enough structural carbohydrates to warrant their processing in the DIBANET technology. Waste papers can have amongst the highest total carbohydrate contents of any of the feedstocks studied.

Work at CTC focused on the residues of the sugarcane industry - sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane trash (field residues from harvesting). A large number of samples were collected from a variety of sugar mills and plantations. It has been seen that there can be a significant variation in the composition of different bagasse samples, particularly with regards to the ash content. Sugarcane trash has lower total carbohydrates contents than bagasse but is still a suitable feedstock for DIBANET.

Work at UNICAMP focused on the evaluation of residues from the banana, coffee, and coconut industries. It was found that these also have potential for utilisation in the DIBANET process, however the value of the residues for this end-use is dependent on which part of the plant is utilised. For instance, coffee husks have sufficient structural carbohydrates to allow for decent yields of levulinic acid, formic acid, and furfural in DIBANET, however the leaves of the coffee plant do not. Leaves from the banana plant are also of less value for DIBANET than the other parts of the plant (e.g. stem).

A major output of this Deliverable is the downloadable electronic database that contains all of the WP2 analytical data obtained during the course of the project. It contains analytical data and predicted biorefining yields for a total of 1,281 samples. It can be obtained, free of charge, from the DIBANET website and will be a valuable tool for stakeholders in biorefining projects.

This document presents the data and evaluations that were made regarding biomass feedstocks, and also puts forward guidelines of best practice in terms of making the best use of these resources. A shortened version of this document can also be downloaded from the DIBANET website.

Hayes, D. J. M. (2011) Analysis of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks for Biorefineries with a Focus on The Development of Near Infrared Spectroscopy as a Primary Analytical Tool, PhD Thesis832 pages (over 2 volumes)

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The processing of lignocellulosic materials in modern biorefineries will allow for the production of transport fuels and platform chemicals that could replace petroleum-derived products. However, there is a critical lack of relevant detailed compositional information regarding feedstocks relevant to Ireland and Irish conditions. This research has involved the collection, preparation, and the analysis, with a high level of precision and accuracy, of a large number of biomass samples from the waste and agricultural sectors. Not all of the waste materials analysed are considered suitable for biorefining; for example the total sugar contents of spent mushroom composts are too low. However, the waste paper/cardboard that is currently exported from Ireland has a chemical composition that could result in high biorefinery yields and so could make a significant contribution to Ireland’s biofuel demands.

Miscanthus was focussed on as a major agricultural feedstock. A large number of plants have been sampled over the course of the harvest window (October to April) from several sites. These have been separated into their anatomical fractions and analysed. This has allowed observations to be made regarding the compositional trends observed within plants, between plants, and between harvest dates. Projections are made regarding the extents to which potential chemical yields may vary. For the DIBANET hydrolysis process that is being developed at the University of Limerick, per hectare yields of levulinic acid from Miscanthus could be 20% greater when harvested early compared with a late harvest.

The wet-chemical analysis of biomass is time-consuming. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been developed as a rapid primary analytical tool with separate quantitative models developed for the important constituents of Miscanthus, peat, and (Australian) sugarcane bagasse. The work has demonstrated that accurate models are possible, not only for dry homogenous samples, but also for wet heterogeneous samples. For glucose (cellulose) the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) for wet samples is 1.24% and the R2 for the validation set ( ) is 0.931. High accuracies are even possible for minor analytes; e.g. for the rhamnose content of wet Miscanthus samples the RMSEP is 0.03% and the is 0.845. Accurate models have also been developed for pre-treated Miscanthus samples and are discussed. In addition, qualitative models have been developed. These allow for samples to be discriminated for on the basis of plant fraction, plant variety (giganteus/non-giganteus), harvest-period (early/late), and stand-age (one-year/older).

Quantitative NIRS models have also been developed for peat, although the heterogeneity of this feedstock means that the accuracies tend to be lower than for Miscanthus. The development of models for sugarcane bagasse has been hindered, in some cases, by the limited chemical variability between the samples in the calibration set. Good models are possible for the glucose and total sugars content, but the accuracy of other models is poorer. NIRS spectra of Brazilian bagasse samples have been projected onto these models, and onto those developed for Miscanthus, and the Miscanthus models appear to provide a better fit than the Australian bagasse models.

Celignis News Articles on Dan

December 2nd 2024

New Publication from a Celignis Bioprocess Development Project


The article, available in "Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery" is entitled "Process development for efficient pectin extraction from tobacco residues and its characterisation"

We are please to announce the publication of a peer-reviewed scientific article based on some of the research outputs of a Bioprocess Development Service (BDS) project undertaken by Celignis.

 

The article, entitled "Process development for efficient pectin extraction from tobacco residues and its characterisation" details the results of experiments targeting the optimised extraction of pectin from the laminae of a number of different varieties of tobacco plants. These tobacco-derived pectins were found to have a medium molecular weight and low methoxy content and our findings indicated that this feedstock could be suitable for the production of pectin with dietary applications.

 

Click here to view the publication.

 

pectin_extraction_optimisation

 

February 28th 2024

New Publication from our VAMOS Project


This publication, co-authored by Celignis, includes our data on waste pulp composition

Today a new publication, covering results obtained in the VAMOS project, funded by the CBE-JU, has been published online.

 

This publication includes results of Celignis's analyses of project-dervived samples and also covers the use of the waste pulp for the production of composites.

 

Details of the paper are provided below:

 

Herrera, N., Ordóñez, D. F., Gaduan, A. N., Singkronart, K., Hayes, D., Puri, D., Lee, K.-Y. (2024) Valorisation of waste pulp from materials recovery facility rejects for composite applications, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 180: 108108

 

Click here to view the full publication.

 

 

 

 

February 12th 2024

Celignis Exhibiting at North American Biochar Conference 2024


We have a booth at the event, taking place in Sacramento, California between Feb 12-15 2024

We are today exhibiting at the 2024 North American Biochar Conference, taking place at the SAFE Credit Union Convention Centre in Sacramento, California.

 

Feel free to visit our desk where Lalitha and Dan will be happy to discuss the biochar services offered by Celignis.

 

Also, feel free to download the biochar flyer and Celignis brochure that we are displaying at the event.

 

celignis_exhibit

 

December 4th 2019

Celignis Personnel Representing UNRAVEL Project at BBI-JU Stakeholder Forum


Come join us at the project's exhibition stand at this Brussels event

Celignis's Lalitha and Dan are, together with Andre Zomeren (from coordinator TNO), today representing the BBI project UNRAVEL at the BBI JU Stakeholder Forum 2019 being held at the Egg Congress and Meeting Center in Brussels. This event provides BBI projects' partners the opportunity to meet each other, and the wider public, to facilitate collaboration opportunities and commercial progress of the technologies being developed.

We are happy to discuss with you the advances made by partner TNO on the project's FABIOLA pretreatment/fractionation progress and by Celignis on the characterisation and removal of extractives, targeting recovery and purification of an identified high value component, and on the rapid analysis models developed by Celignis for the inputs and outputs of the process. We will also be happy to discuss the important work in the project being done by other partners.

We are located at Stand 5C so come say hello!

Click here to read more about the UNRAVEL project.



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