Ash
The Total Ash content is considered to be the proportion of the biomass that remains after the sample has been incinerated.
Click here for more information on Ash content and its relevance in the processing of biomass.
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Analysis Packages for Ash
The Celignis Analysis Package(s) that determine this constituent are listed below:
P3 Ash Content |
|---|
| Ash |
P32 Proximate Analysis |
|---|
| Moisture, Ash, Volatile Matter, Fixed Carbon |
P33 Ultimate (Elemental) Analysis |
|---|
| Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen, Ash |
P34 Calorific Value and Elements |
|---|
| Gross Calorific Value, Net Calorific Value, Ash, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen |
P40 Combustion Package |
|---|
| Volatile Matter, Fixed Carbon, Moisture, Ash, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen, Gross Calorific Value, Net Calorific Value, Chlorine |
Analytical Procedure for Ash
Step 1: Determination of Ash Content
The following steps are involved in determining the Ash content:
1. The moisture content of the sample is determined by taking a subsample in a crucible of known weight and drying in an oven overnight at 105 degrees celcius.
2. After the dried sample is weighed it is then placed in a Nabertherm L-240H1SN muffle furnace and the following program used:
(i) Ramp from room temperature to 105C.
(ii) Hold at 105C for 12 minutes.
(iii) Ramp to 250C at 10C/minute.
(iv) Hold at 250C for 30 minutes.
(v) Ramp to 575C at 20C/ minute.
(vi) Hold at 575C for 180 minutes.
(vii) Allow temperature to drop to 105C.
(viii) Hold at 105C until the samples are removed.
3. The ash samples are then weighed and the ash content calculated.
1. The moisture content of the sample is determined by taking a subsample in a crucible of known weight and drying in an oven overnight at 105 degrees celcius.
2. After the dried sample is weighed it is then placed in a Nabertherm L-240H1SN muffle furnace and the following program used:
(i) Ramp from room temperature to 105C.
(ii) Hold at 105C for 12 minutes.
(iii) Ramp to 250C at 10C/minute.
(iv) Hold at 250C for 30 minutes.
(v) Ramp to 575C at 20C/ minute.
(vi) Hold at 575C for 180 minutes.
(vii) Allow temperature to drop to 105C.
(viii) Hold at 105C until the samples are removed.
3. The ash samples are then weighed and the ash content calculated.
Equipment Used for Ash Analysis
| NIR Spectrophotometers We have several FOSS XDS NIR devices. These have solid content modules, that can allow for samples of a heterogenous particle to be analysed, and liquid modules that allow liquids to be analysed via transmittance spectroscopy. |
| Muffle Furnace A Nabertherm furnace is used for the determination of the ash content of samples and also in the analytical protocol for determining Klason lignin content. |
NIR Model
Ash Global 1
This model has been built from a global dataset comprising a wide variety of biomass samples. Click here for a list of the types of samples that were used to build this model.
The samples were air-dried and then ground-down to a particle size of less than 850 microns prior to NIR analysis.
Model Statistics
| Min. Value (%) | 0.17 |
|---|---|
| Max. Value (%) | 59.36 |
| Calibration Samples | 472 |
| Validation Samples | 161 |
| R2 (Validation) | 0.914 |
| RMSEP (%) | 2.479 |
| Bias (%) | -0.116 |
| SEP (%) | 2.484 |
| RPD | 3.18 |
| RER | 15.324 |
Regression Plot
(Independent Validation Set)
Additional Material
We can determine the Ash content of biomass, click here to learn more about our various biomass analysis methods.