Fixed carbon is the solid combustible residue that remains after a sample is heated at 900 degrees Celsius for a period of 7 minutes and the
volatile matter is expelled. The fixed-carbon content of the sample is then calculated according to the following formulae:
On a dry matter basis:
Fixed Carbon (%) = 100 -
Ash (% Dry Basis) -
Volatile Matter (% Dry Basis) On an as-received basis:
Fixed Carbon (%) = 100 -
Ash (% As-Received) -
Moisture Content (% As-Received) -
Volatile Matter (% As-Received) On a dry ash-free basis:
Fixed Carbon (%) = 100 -
Volatile Matter (% Dry Ash-Free Basis)
Click here to place an order for determining Fixed Carbon.
Analysis Packages for Fixed Carbon
The
Celignis Analysis Package(s) that determine this constituent are listed below:
Volatile Matter , Fixed Carbon , Moisture , Ash , Carbon , Hydrogen , Nitrogen , Sulphur , Oxygen , Gross Calorific Value , Net Calorific Value , Chlorine
Further Details
Volatile Matter , Fixed Carbon , Moisture , Ash , Carbon , Hydrogen , Nitrogen , Sulphur , Oxygen , Gross Calorific Value , Net Calorific Value , Chlorine , Ash Shrinkage Starting Temperature (Reducing) , Ash Deformation Temperature (Reducing) , Ash Hemisphere Temperature (Reducing) , Ash Flow Temperature (Reducing) , Aluminium , Calcium , Iron , Magnesium , Phosphorus , Potassium , Silicon , Sodium , Titanium
Further Details
Moisture , Ash Content (815C) , Carbon , Hydrogen , Nitrogen , Sulphur , Oxygen , Chlorine , Volatile Matter , Fixed Carbon , Aluminium , Calcium , Iron , Magnesium , Phosphorus , Potassium , Silicon , Sodium , Titanium , Gross Calorific Value , Net Calorific Value , Ash Shrinkage Starting Temperature (Reducing) , Ash Deformation Temperature (Reducing) , Ash Hemisphere Temperature (Reducing) , Ash Flow Temperature (Reducing)
Further Details
Thernogram - Under Nitrogen , Thermogram - Under Air , Moisture , Inherent Moisture , Ash Content (815C) , Carbon , Hydrogen , Nitrogen , Sulphur , Oxygen , Organic Carbon , Inorganic Carbon , Chlorine , Volatile Matter , Fixed Carbon , Aluminium , Calcium , Iron , Magnesium , Phosphorus , Potassium , Silicon , Sodium , Titanium , Gross Calorific Value , Net Calorific Value , Ash Shrinkage Starting Temperature (Reducing) , Ash Deformation Temperature (Reducing) , Ash Hemisphere Temperature (Reducing) , Ash Flow Temperature (Reducing)
Further Details
Thernogram - Under Nitrogen , Thermogram - Under Air , Moisture , Inherent Moisture , Ash Content (815C) , Carbon , Hydrogen , Nitrogen , Sulphur , Oxygen , Organic Carbon , Inorganic Carbon , Chlorine , Volatile Matter , Fixed Carbon , Specific Surface Area (Nitrogen Gas Adsorption) , Calcium , Iron , Magnesium , Phosphorus , Potassium , Silicon , Sodium , Titanium , Gross Calorific Value , Net Calorific Value , Ash Shrinkage Starting Temperature (Reducing) , Ash Deformation Temperature (Reducing) , Ash Hemisphere Temperature (Reducing) , Ash Flow Temperature (Reducing)
Further Details
Equipment Used for Fixed Carbon Analysis
Volatile Matter Furnace
We use a Carbolite Volatile Matter Furnace to determine the volatile matter and fixed carbon contents of samples.
Muffle Furnace
A Nabertherm furnace is used for the determination of the ash content of samples and also in the analytical protocol for determining Klason lignin content.
Moisture Oven
We use a Memmert UF260 oven to determine moisture content according to standard EN methods of analysis.
Additional Material
We can determine the Fixed Carbon content of biomass, click
here to learn
more about our various biomass analysis methods.